By using the bookVibe History of Hip Hop, Yes, Yes Yall, and unit 1&4, Essay

By utilizing the bookVibe History of Hip Hop, Yes, Yes Yall, and unit 1, study and investigating the data, the introduction, the importance - Essay Example For example, his melody for Hailie in 'taunting feathered creature' and how he believes he has fastened up for her 'when I'm no more'. Rap is music, music is amusement, rap is sentiments and feelings and to engage with sentiments and feelings one must have the option to oversee them to have the option to rationale whether an individual is legitimate or inappropriate in the methods they show their attitude. Not all rappers do this whether since they feel it's an opportunity and majority rules system of conversation and rapping about what could make others insane or about the tyranny of what they accept to be right and valid on life issues which they have gotten the hang of growing up, similar to 50-penny's platitude that where he originates from has no arrangement B so he must take the risks he must have the option to confront life therefore 'appropriately'. Most youth have no involvement with life aside from what they read, tune in to in music and therefore identify with it in a way which is shallow since it is shallow in words and this is the reason they could 'relate' in light of the fact that it isn't writing by Victor Hugo or Roman Roland in his disaster 'Antoinette'.

Integrated Customer Ordering Service

Coordinated Customer Ordering Service Presentation (107 words) In this coursework, I have attempted to examine how Information Systems assume a significant job in the working of an association. A satisfactory Information System is an absolute necessity prerequisite in todays innovation driven and serious time. I learned about a framework incorporated in Marks and Spencer for improving its requesting framework and in this manner ending up being a purpose behind its arrival on venture. The Information framework assists with controlling, organize, break down, interrelate information and furthermore bolsters in dynamic. I have clarified how use of an Information System can bolster authoritative achievement and effectiveness by expanding benefits and offering types of assistance that are effectively available to address the issues of association so that the association can keep up the gauges and administrations easily. Imprints and Spencer (172 words) Imprints and Spencer is one of the main retail associations in UK which sell sleek, quality and extraordinary worth dress and home items , likewise quality food. They are one of the most well known brand among individuals in UK as well as internationally. They have in excess of 600 stores in UK and continually expanding a lot more around the globe. It was established when in 1884, Michael Marks opened a slow down at Leeds Kirkgate Market. In 1901, its initially enrolled store was situated at Derby road , Manchester. By 1924 they began extending and the administrative center moved from Manchester to London. Usage of new strategies and support of administrations and worth continued adding to the accomplishment of Marks and Spencer. In 1998, it turned into the principal retailer to procure a benefit of  £1billion. The association regularly called as MS has consistently followed the standards of Quality, Value, Service, Innovation and Trust since its established. This is the motivation behind why it has been fruitful, recognized and mainstream among individuals. Need of the Information System: Integrated Customer Ordering Service (373 words) MS was confronting a few overabundances all together preparing and objections were expanding step by step. The organization had put a great deal to push forward in this serious condition yet couldn't conquer this issue. The need of great importance was to have a client care requesting data framework executed which can precisely and without a doubt fend off these issues which were an impediment in the accomplishment of an incredible retail association. The retail showcase is massively serious and continue redesigning their data framework to meet the prerequisites of administrations. MS began utilizing around date data framework in its requesting framework which made it stand not quite the same as other opponent associations. On 19 April, 2005 Marks and Spencer marked a collusion with Amazon Services Europe. In this understanding, Amazon Services Europe will have and furnish with synchronized data framework to MS sites, phone requesting frameworks and in store requesting frameworks. ICOS was propelled in 2006 and depended on Microsoft Windows NT Server and Oracle 10g databases. It likewise includes different insight devices utilizing DOS applications and is called as Rumba Server in MS. This framework empowers simple entry of information and data over all stores and workplaces of the association. The framework is effective in managing the requests , merchants, oversee data over the association, control the flexibly of approaching an d active items through a typical database which offers answer for all issues identified with above classifications. The business procedure improvement group has built up this application as well as introduced it in all stores where in store requesting is accessible. The data framework needed to address difficulties like interfacing all stores to normal database with the goal that all item related data and the board related data could be shared over. It was difficult to interrelate a great many item information and requesting data on sites, in stores and in workplaces. The framework application must be such that the information is effectively available through all channels and can be utilized through organization intranet without paying regard to its area. The framework included taking requests, request preparing, request dispatch, request area, stock control and request costs. This helped MS to extend their business deliberately. Working and Benefits of Integrated Customer Ordering Services (849 words) ICOS is a data framework application utilized by MS workers for different in store capacities. This data framework includes information of all items like food, dress, home product and so on. Every result of MS has a remarkable distinguishing proof code called as UPC number which is utilized in requesting. In a circumstance where client needs a specific item for example a TV, and that item is either inaccessible or is a unique prerequisite that must be made or isn't shown in the store, that is the point at which this framework assumes its job. Request Taking: Each client or worker as its remarkable ID or access code and a secret key which makes this framework exceptionally made sure about and keeps it from unapproved get to. A representative appointed to take orders enters his ID and secret word to discover any data or to take any requests. At the point when a client arranges certain item the specialist enters its item code and the entire data from item subtleties to accessibility and costs is shown which can be passed on to the client. There is an instrument bar which comprises of various choices accessible for the operator to spare data from client like name and address. This instrument bar likewise has data about charging and lead-time all things considered. A few items probably won't be shown in the store while some must be conveyed like furnishings. The framework likewise proposes augmentation in conveyance time to any date. As and when the specialist enters client name and subtleties, a client profile is made and a client code is li kewise produced and spared in his/her profile. The following stage is installment. When all necessary data from the client is spared their is a choice of installment on the apparatus bar. At the point when that choice is clicked a few installment strategies are made accessible on the screen like money , visa card, Mastercard or check. The operator asks the client and select the choice that is told by the client. When this data is submitted and installment is taken the client is given over with a printed receipt of item and cash exchange subtleties alongside the one of a kind client code. Request Enquiry: In the event that the client needs to enquire about the request in future he/she simply need to give his one of a kind code to the representative. When the code is entered on an alternative of enquiry on the device bar the itemized data about the item is recovered. This data expresses the status of dispatch or progress all together and furthermore status notes entered by the assembling office. This data can additionally be expressed to the client. Whenever required a receipt of the request affirmation can likewise be given to the client. Request Upgrading or Editing: This alternative on the apparatus bar empowers a specialist to include or drop certain items from the request. This choice is likewise used to alter client subtleties like location or delivery date or further installments. At the point when a change or revision is to be made, the operator enters the client code and the data identified with the request springs up on the screen. This states if a specific request can be dropped or not for example certain item is a unique assembling request as of now in process. Uncommon Offers: Ordinarily there are extraordinary offers accessible with specific items like get one get 25% off on other. Every one of these offers are as of now spared in this data framework and is refreshed now and again. Not that there are such huge numbers of representatives working in MS and all workers should be educated, so a hasslefree interchange is that ICOS as of now contains these plans and offers. There is a choice of journal where these subtleties are put away. As the specialist enters his code to gains get to , he/she can audit the advancements and deals for the entire day and furthermore take a printout whenever required. Request Reports: The requests taken for the duration of the day are put away in the framework and can be recovered all in all or item classification astute. On the off chance that an operator or supervisor needs to recognize what everything is sold or what number of requests were taken for the duration of the day, they have to enter their ID and snap on reports. The information is quickly accessible. In the event that they simply need to get report of the quantity of TVs sold they can get independent report also. Along these lines the entire day report or report till a specific time can be found in a summed up way. Request Display Availability: In the event that an operator in one store needs to know the accessibility or show of an item in some other MS store he/she can simply utilize the instrument bar for show search or update search. This conceivable in light of the fact that as referenced before all store are organized and information of all items in all stores are accessible to each store. ICOS encourages MS workers to give bother free data to the clients and furthermore helps taking snappy requests prompting spare time both of representative and client. It additionally assumes a significant job in elevating client faithfulness. Assessment Technique (171 words) In this serious market, it is critical to keep up astoundingly great creation and client administrations. Usage of ICOS improved upper hand to the association, along these lines keeping up its position. Serious market requires extraordinary and innovative plans to keep up the association status. Steady improvement and resource empowers an association to proceed with an elevating business in the market over a more drawn out timeframe. As indicated by the adjustments in market and needs of customers it is significant for an association to continue changing methodologies and innovations. Upper hand depends on power to adapt up to the quickly evolving market. MS gained novel aptitudes to overwhelm its rivals by actualizing ICOS. It evaluat

Skills to Put on A Resume

Skills to Put on A Resume Say Hello to Joe. Joe is a Graphic Designer that recently decided to expand his private business and offer three lucky candidates with a great paying job and the ability to work on their time.Bob shares an interest in graphic designing and is excited to work with Joe. But how does Bob prove to Joe that he’s indeed the right fit?That’s right…Skills.Skills that Bob puts on his resume ensure Joe understands what Bob is proficient in and lets Joe assess if Bob can truly handle his business.Like Bob, you may wish to know the right skills to include on your resume.Hence, this article is designed to advise you on the skills to put on your resume through easy to learn sections below â€"The difference between hard skills and soft skillsHow to place your skillsets from the highest to the lowest priorityUnderstanding various skillsets and what they mean to employersWhat you shouldn’t put on your resumeExamples for stunning resumesDIFFERENTIATING BETWEEN SOFT SKILLS AND HARD SKILLS AND H OW TO PRIORITIZE INFORMATION ON YOUR RESUMEWhat are Soft Skills?Every person demonstrates personal attributes and social cues that remain unique to them.These abilities showcase how we interact with others and whether we can hold an interesting conversation or not. Such skills are known as soft skills or transferable skills and are based off our own emotions. These skills are harder to assess than our technical knowledge.Examples of soft skills to include in your resume with their summaries and examples demonstrating how to add these skills to your resume â€"Critical ThinkingA critical thinker is one who can identify ideas and is able to think clearly through a situation to find a solution to an ongoing problem.Businesses are always looking for quality candidates with this important core ability to add to their workforce.An employee who can evaluate and justify inconsistencies is an invaluable addition to any workspace.Resume Example“Ability to analyze large projects and dilute wo rk tasks into manageable goals to increase efficiency”DependabilityAn employee who is available to fill various schedules when other employees are unavailable is a critical aspect to success.Companies recognize such employees as valuable workforce and you are bound to be a high-priority candidate if you possess the ability to complete your tasks within the committed deadline.Resume Example“Responsible in handling sensitive situations within the company. Possess strong line of communication to assist others in time of need”LeadershipThe ability to be able to run the company in the absence of a senior level manager or boss.This transferable skill demonstrates the flexibility and visionary outlook of the candidate and proves why being able to transfer into a leadership role can be invaluable during a critical time within the company.Resume Example“Assisted in training 5 employees to integrate them into the company’s workforce when the responsibility came up”Attention to Det ailStrong sense in understanding the values of time management and organizing objectives is what a company expects in an individual.Attention to Detail is a core requirement if you want to be taken seriously, the ability to plan strategically and overcome challenges without needing to sacrifice quality is a serious talent companies look for.Resume Example“Was tasked by senior managers in restructuring and organizing underdeveloped workflow to meet quality requirements.”Initiative/InnovationAn employee must be eager to learn and have a thirst for knowledge. He must look to understand the current trends and update himself to be an expert at his role. The ability to brainstorm and present new age ideas is what innovation is about.Resume Example“Received accolades and awards over a span of 5-years dedicated to my work ethic and for developing core strategies on water-saving techniques on behalf of the company”NetworkingForging strong relationships and the ability to convey ideas to your team in a concise and clear manner is what networking is about.This soft skill is almost a basic requirement in every company and you are required to speak either to present an idea or discuss a strategy with a positive mindset.Resume Example“Facilitated detailed concepts on various ideas related to digital marketing to a gathering of over 200 people”FlexibilityFlexibility is a trait that let’s a candidate solve problems before they arise and have a sense of responding to challenges well before they become an obstacle for the company.Unpredictable schedules should be managed with maximum efficiency and the candidate should also be able to re-prioritize tasks as he sees fit.Resume Example“Nurtured working relationships with clients and colleagues and maintained a professional demeanor to tackle outstanding issues in my previous company”Why Do Employers Seek Soft Skills in Candidates?Apart from their job description, employers seek out specialized soft skills from t heir candidates.Every employee is bound to engage with clients and co-workers daily, the ability to be able to interact well opens a world of success for the company.Consider this example â€" You are an employer looking to hire a carpenter for your business. You’ve shortlisted two candidates with the exact same experience and job skillset.In fact, it’s almost impossible to select the winning candidate so you decide to test their communication skills in the 2nd interview round.You notice that one of the two has a way with words and has terrific communication skills.You decide to hire him as you understand the value of interacting with clients is just as necessary as their primary skillset.The following example demonstrates how crucial soft skills are to the shortlisting process during recruitment and it can mean the difference of you landing the job or not.What are Hard Skills?Hard skills are technical skills that are usually acquired through an educational institute with an acco mpanying certificate to prove your qualification.These skills are the primary reason you are applying to the job and consist of you being extremely knowledgeable at what you do. Hard skills are all skills that can be evaluated and measured in real time.Here are examples of the top performing hard skills with their summaries and skillsets to give you an understand on what skills to put on your resume â€"Computer ProgrammingA candidate specializing in computer programming should possess skills in application design, system management, process improvement, software support, solutions research, systems analysis and hardware deployment.Computer programmers spend hours writing in various computer languages such as Java and C++. They are responsible for debugging and fixing errors within the program.Sample Skills to Include in ResumeOperating Systems â€" UNIX, Solaris, TPF 4.0, Novell v3-v5Software â€" Symantec Security Suite, Adobe Illustrator, MS Office, Lotus Notes, Supervision Enterpri se ManagementLanguages â€" Spectre, QBasic, FORTRAN, AssemblerHardware Systems â€" Compaq Servers, Dell, IBM, Cisco Routers and Switches, HPGraphic DesignerA graphic designer is an artist that is the forefront of innovative new designs and creative resources.Typography plays an important role in a graphic designer’s role, the kind of fonts they use, and the type of scripts are all part of the technical knowledge that can lead to future projects with clients.Sample Skills to Include in ResumeLogo DesignTypesettingAd DesignPrepressArt DesignBook DesignCollateral DesignFont DesignPresentation DesignSoftware worked with â€" Indesign, Photoshop, Illustrator, Acrobat,Familiar with â€" HTML, CSS, DreamweaverAccountingAn accountant’s role is to record transactions, maintain financial records, advise on taxation matters, perform internal audits, analyze financial information, and summarize profit and losses.In a company role, an account must reconcile financial discrepancies by analyzing the individual accounts and the information related to them.Sample Skills to Include in ResumeAccount reconciliationsStatement reconciliationsBAC payment runsStock invoice variancesCustomer ServiceDealing in Supplier QueriesKnowledge in non-automated and automated invoice processesWell-experienced of dealing in multi-currency invoicesLegal AssistantA Legal Assistant’s role is to understand administrative work and perform clerical duties relating to legal administration. A Legal assistant is supposed to verify information and organize archives and supporting documents.They are also responsible for developing cases and researching data for attorneys along with maintaining clear communication with clients.Sample Skills to Include in ResumeDocument ControlDaily Docket ReportsAbility to Prepare Legal Complaints and InterrogatoriesCase ManagementDocumatrixCalendar and SchedulingFamily law familiarityInterpreter for Legal InformationFinancial OfficerA financial officer’s primary job r ole is to prepare monthly statements and investigate variances by sorting information and data.Their secondary jobs include responding to financial queries, preparing reports, updating clients on the current financial status, analyzing market trends, and helping companies make their management decisions.Sample Skills to Include in ResumeBudgeting and ForecastingProductivity BenchmarkingCash and Treasury ManagementAsset LiquidationComplex Financial ModelingVendor Relations and NegotiatingOperational Business PlanningProfit OptimizationDigital Marketing ExecutiveA digital marketer has various roles to fulfill within the digital world. He’s assigned with developing marketing campaigns and managing them. They are tasked to oversee strategies to generate traffic and optimize website bounce rates.Digital marketers are pioneers of Search Engine Optimization and hence, much of their time is spent in ranking websites high on search engines.Sample Skills to Include in ResumeBing Ads Certifi edGoogle AdWords CertifiedSEO implementationUX design proficiencyCoding knowledge in HTML and CSSSocial Media MarketingWeb ProductionsAudio/Video EditingLead GenerationWeb AnalyticsWeb DesignA web designer’s core responsibility lies in designing the layout and features of a website. He should have certain knowledge in computer programming as well as in graphic design to ensure the website is created based on the client’s assessment.Web designers must also possess considerable knowledge in multimedia design and digital imaging to add high-quality videos and images to the website.Sample Skills to Include in ResumeProgramming LanguagesJava ProgrammerJavaScript (Advanced)jQuery (Advanced)Certified MySQL (Advanced)Tools and UtilitiesWebSphereTomcatEclipseDesigning Software3D Studio MaxIllustratorA QUICK FORMULA ON HOW TO PRIORITIZE INFORMATION ON YOUR RESUMETo prioritize information based on the most critical details, we need to think and act like an employer.Let’s say you’ve jus t received a candidate’s resume and you begin glancing through it searching for information to assess their experience.How would you do it?Here’s a quick formula to understand how you should prioritize your information like an employer would â€"Step 1.The very first thing is to know their name and personal information. Next, glance through all their educational qualifications. Their graduating university can speak volumes about them.Step 2.You should prioritize their technical knowledge over their achievements. After all, it’s what they will be doing for the major portion of their time.Step 3.Their experience is equally important, it allows you to understand if they can fulfill the job role with ease or if further training is required.Step 4.The next move is to check their transferable skills and how good they can communicate with others. Common sense is a necessity as well.Step 5.Finally, when you have a brief understanding of what you are recruiting you begin to ask the cand idate a few questions to understand them better.Great! Now that we’ve got all the information from an employer’s point of view. It’s time to list these skills on a priority basis. The most important stays on top and the one’s that are negligible remain below.From the following assessment as an employer, we can prioritize the most important parts as follows.Name and Contact DetailsEducational QualificationsTechnical Knowledge (Hard Skills)Transferable Skills (Soft Skills)ExperienceAchievementsAny information you want your employer to knowNow that we’ve got a clear picture on how to prioritize information on your resume. The next part is putting together the information in a concise manner without letting clutter make their way in.Here’s a video by Deniz Sasal to help you identify the kind of skills that employers like to see on their candidate’s resume. 3 TIPS TO MAKE YOUR RESUME STAND OUT BY OPTIMIZING SKILLSET DATA1. Utilize Numbers in Your Skillsets instead of Wild T heoriesProving to your boss that you’ve got the mettle to perform in the company is easier than you think.Convert your response into statistics and facts and don’t just make claims of your accomplishments.Every fact adds value to your resume and your skills really start to shine.Consider the following examples â€"Non-fact Claim #1Proficient at converting leads with maximum efficiencyStatistical Fact #1Was able to raise sales conversions at 54%Non-fact Claim #2Have great command in major programming languages used in companies todayStatistical Fact #2Ability to program in C++, Java, PHP, Python, Ruby, JavaScript, and Objective-CAs you can see, employers are bound to employ bright candidates who can put a number and statistic to their skillset rather than a wild justification.2. Utilize Keywords to Minimize ReadingMinimizing your skillsets from phrases to single keywords is necessary.A hiring manager will be pleased to know that you had the presence of mind to condense information that is easy-to-read rather than glorify your achievements. It’s also good practice to keep your resume short and simple without adding any fancy terms to them.Another advantage to using keywords is many companies employ resume bots to track CVs on the internet.Once about 70% of the keywords from your resume match the job description, the algorithm proceeds to send you a job interview invitation.In this way, you can create job opportunities just by fine-tuning your resume. You could use Jobscan to check if you’re resume is up to the market standards.3. Research Professionals with the same Skillset as YoursTo get a basic idea on how to construct a resume, you need to take the initiative and visit people’s LinkedIn pages and check their resume out. You will begin to see what your resume has been missing out and what you need to eliminate.Listed below are various resume samples of different sectors to give you a fair idea on what your resume should look like.Healthcare Resume Sa mplesBanking FinanceEngineeringScience ResearchRetail WholesaleHuman ResourcesHospitality TourismBy researching other professional CVs, you can understand the kind of abilities you need to demonstrate to get employers to contact you.OBSOLETE SKILLS THAT SHOULDN’T BE ADDED TO YOUR RESUMEA study conducted by CareerBuilder reveals that over 77% of Human Resource managers have managed to spot a lie on a candidate’s resume.The research also finds candidates who embellish their resumes with fancy terms and jargons usually end up getting rejected without a second’s thought.The above study makes one factor certain â€" there is absolutely no need to dress your resume with exaggerating terms that serve no purpose to the job description.Here are some of the skills that you should never include in your resume.Overused KeywordsPassionate, creative, experienced, certified, excellent, etc. are some of the most overused terms in candidate resumes that turn off hiring managers.Eliminate su ch buzzwords and keep your resume sounding professional, you don’t need to present yourself as a winner, your expertise and achievements are more than enough information for your manager to make that call.Ablog by LinkedIn demonstrates the top 10 buzzwords used on their platform and why they play no role in communicating the actual skillset of the candidate.The reason most candidates utilize these buzzwords is to seem knowledgeable to the recruiter.Many candidates feel that if their resume is filled with buzzwords, their resume will start to look fuller rather than empty.Unfortunately, a hiring manager doesn’t care for these luxury phrases and is only glancing through your resume to pick up relevant information.By filling it with buzzwords, you are only making the process of reading your resume a difficult one for your interviewer. Thus, you are more than likely to lose the interest of your interviewer and in the process â€" your chances at landing the job as well.Skills that Yo u’re Expected to KnowThere are a set of general skills that the hiring manager would not like to see on your resume and would prefer you to know them without having to validate your expertise. Such skills include â€"Microsoft Word/Excel/Office KnowledgeTyping-based skillsBasic knowledge on PresentationsAbility to make statistics for your job roleCropping and resizing picturesKnowledge of basic office equipment such as printers, Xerox machines, scanners, etc.Another important aspect is to never include skills that play no role in your current job description. For example â€" if you’re great at carpentry and you’re applying for a role in graphic designing, don’t include expertise involving carpentry. Even if you feel proud of yourself for knowing a lot of talents, you need to keep such information away from your resume. You can proceed to talk about your other talents in a face-to-face interview, so your interviewer understands you.A STEP-BY-STEP METHOD TO ACCURATELY MATCH YOU R SKILLSETS TO YOUR PREFERRED JOB DESCRIPTIONHow do you choose which skills to put on your resume if you’ve got a long list?To ensure you pick out the right work-related skills, you first need to understand the category your job descriptions fall under. Here’s a method you could use to find out what relevant skills the employer is looking out for â€"Step 1.Head over to the job description posting and take notice of all the keywords listed under the job qualifications or job description section. Now open the job description letter in an image editing software such as Paint or Irfan View.Step 2.In the job description, underline every term that resonates with your skillset such as public-speaking skills, software developer, computer programmer, etc.You could underline technical skills with a red font and underline soft skills with a blue font.This allows you to decipher skills in a convenient manner.Step 3.Now that you have an idea of what the job demands of you, you can construct your profile based on these terms and add relevant skillsets to your resume. This way the employer sees everything that he wishes from his ideal candidate.Step 4.Don’t forget to add your transferable skills, this is to ensure that you get the job in case the recruiter has a hard time deciding between you and another candidate.Step 5.Once you’ve prepared the resume according to the job descriptions requirements, you are now in a great position than when you started to gain the attention of your hiring manager. Most of your skills match their job description and you’ve got transferable skills to boot. All that matters is to ace the face-to-face interview session.Ruby Resumes demonstrates how to tailor your resume to match with your job description in this informative video guide. CONCLUSION: KEY TAKEAWAYSkills that put an exceptional value on your resume need to be tailored to fit the job description for the position you’re interviewing for.While technical knowledge is an impo rtant aspect, in modern times, transferable skills are more valued due to the adaptability that connects the employee to the company.It’s important to be as flexible as you can and disperse key skills all throughout your resume to ensure your employer is hooked with interest in knowing about you.Good Luck!

Essay on Did the Mayan Civilization Collapse as a Result...

Ever since the collapse of the once powerful Maya civilization, people have been trying to find out what caused it. Authors of the article, “Climate and the Collapse of Maya Civilization”, which include Gerald Haug, Detlef Gà ¼nther, Larry Peterson, Daniel Sigman, Konrad Hughen, and Beat Aeschlimann propose a theory that the Mayans collapsed because of an extended dry period between 760 and 910 A.D. These scientists set out find the answer as to why the Maya civilization collapsed. This question is fairly popular and is often times answered by an extended drought, but they wanted to find geologic evidence of what the climate was like in the same time period hoping that there is an obvious link between the two. This question†¦show more content†¦This mega drought matched up with the Lake Chichancanab sediment record, giving the authors more confidence in their results. They did this for multiple depths of low Ti content on the sediment cores that resulted in the dates of 910, 860, 810, and 760 A.D.. The intervals between these drought periods were all within approximately 40 to 47 years which also is supported in the Lake Chichancanab sediment record. Beginning with the drought in 760 A.D., a drying trend appeared for approximately the next 40 years until a more severe drought occurred at approximately 810 A.D. Another major drought occurred at roughly 860 A.D. ba sed on very low Ti content results. This was finally capped of with another sever drought in 910 A.D. which lasted roughly 6 years. After finding these results, the authors linked the growth and collapse of the Maya civilization directly to the climatic results they found. Although the Cariaco can not totally explain the relationship between climate conditions and the Maya collapse, it still supports that the changes in rainfall was an important factor. They first suggest that the enlargement of the Maya civilization between 550 and 750 A.D. was due to relatively wet conditions. The Ti concentrations are much higher right before the Terminal Classic Collapse period. Not only were they expanding, but they were expanding to the limit of what the environment can sustain making them largely susceptible to drought. Between 750 and 950 A.D., theShow MoreRelatedIs The Classic Mayan Civilization?1558 Words   |  7 Pagesof Anthropology, a collapse is defined as â€Å"†¦a drastic decrease in human population size and/or political/economical/social complexity, over a considerable area, for an extended time.â € (AOC) With Mr. Tainter’s definition of collapse, I will be focusing on one specific civilization, what led to their falling as a society and elaborate on some theories as to why collapses may occur. The development that I am going to be discussing is the Classic Mayan civilization. The civilization was located in MexicoRead MoreCollapse of Civilizations1323 Words   |  6 Pagesfactors that lead to the collapse of civilizations are almost directly related to those that created it. Archaeologists characterize collapse by a number of elements, some of which we have evidence for, others we do not. Most archaeologists are unsure of exactly what caused the decline of most civilizations in the ancient world, yet there are many clues to some of the events that could have contributed. The collapse of the ancient Roman Empire, the Mesoamerican Mayan, and the Egyptian culturesRead More Collapse of Civilizations Essay1292 Words   |  6 Pagesfactors that lead to the â€Å"coll apse† of civilizations are almost directly related to those that created it. Archaeologists characterize collapse by a number of elements, some of which we have evidence for, others we do not. Most archaeologists are unsure of exactly what caused the decline of most civilizations in the ancient world, yet there are many clues to some of the events that could have contributed. The collapse of the ancient Roman Empire, the Mesoamerican Mayan, and the Egyptian culturesRead MoreWhat Caused the Disappearance of the Mayan Civilization? Essay2582 Words   |  11 PagesIt is still a great mystery how the Mayan civilization disappeared. This complex society reached its zenith around approximately 750 AD. However, within the next two hundred years, this civilization which was epic in its time collapsed and disappeared leaving minimal traces and even more scanty detail about what could have caused this disappearance. This knowledge gap has led to a lot of debate among scholars over the various possible reasons behind what seems to us to be the abandonment and desertionRead MoreThe Mayan Civilization2031 Words   |  9 PagesThe Mayan Civilization at its height was one of the greatest civilization to ever reign on the planet. Their advances in astronomy and mathematics well in advance has helped present civilizations to prosper. But one of the great questions is what happened to the Mayans? Why did they collapse? What caused them to collapse? It is a question that had gone unanswered for decades until some of the worlds great historians and scientist finally concluded to three reasons why the Mayan Civilization collapsedRead MoreWhy Did the Mayan Civilization Collapse?2267 Words   |  10 PagesTo gaze upon the majestic ruins of the Mayan civilisation which collapsed over a thousand years ago, one is often stirred with wonder and a deep sense of curiosity (Diamond, 2005, p157-8). What happened to this great empire and what brought about its demise? The tremendou s task of erecting such elaborate and colossal structures was clearly performed by the hands of a well-organized and adept group of humans (Crist and Paganini, 1980, pg24). Their empire occupied a vast area of roughly 325000 squareRead MoreThe Mayan Civilization1930 Words   |  8 PagesThe Mayan civilization was a bountiful society that flourished from around 300 BCE to 900 CE and, according to some, lasted for up to 3000 years. During the height of their civilization, the Maya built a prominent society and created many inventions, some of which are used today. They are well known for creating the first writing system called cuneiform, the concept of zero, calendars, mathematics, ball-courts, and the length of the solar year measured at about 365.242 days. Having first migratedRead MoreCollapse, By Jared Diamond1697 Words   |  7 Pages In his book Collapse, Jared Diamond gives you an in depth look at societies you may or may not be familiar with and shows you the secrets to their success or failure using his personal 5-point framework. I enjoyed this book and thought he made a lot of good points and had convincing evidence to back it up. While reading you could really tell he knew a lot about the areas he discussed because of the depth he went into with details and descriptions. One complaint I would have about the book is theRead MoreEssay on Factors Leading to The Collapse of Past Societies1693 Words   |  7 PagesAt present day, our worldwide civilization of the human race continues to surpass many achievements of other past societies. Everyday, new technological advances are being achieved and the population is growing faster than it ever previously has. We must look back at past civilizations and analyze them to understand what is in store for us in the future. In the pursuit of progress, human societies cr eate problems they do not have the resources or political motivation to solve, for fear of short termRead MoreWhy Nations Fail - Chapter 5 Review5470 Words   |  22 PagesView Bibliography 3 6 9 12 15    2    Resume of the Key Statements of the Chapter In this chapter, D. Acemoglu and J.A. Robinson explain how growth under extractive institutions is not sustainable in the long term and always leads to the collapse, in one way or another, of these institutions. The title of the chapter, Ive seen the future and it works, is a quotation from the autobiography of Lincoln Steffens (1931). He was then speaking about the communist model that he had discovered

The Foolproof Bad College Essay Samples Strategy

The Foolproof Bad College Essay Samples Strategy Ideas, Formulas and Shortcuts for Bad College Essay Samples A terrible friend doesn't keep a secret. He will always take advantage of your kindness. He will spread your business to everyone with the intention of make people think they are better than you are. A superb friend should be an individual that one may look up to. Facts, Fiction and Bad College Essay Samples Bridget's essay is extremely strong, but there continue to be a couple little things that could be made better. The situation wouldn't have become the same if Huck was an awful friend. There's maybe some evidence to imply that the author was shaken somewhat from a comfortable, materialistic existence. In this instance, attempt to hit the minimal words required and be sure that the essay you will write is packed with relevant info and useful specifics. In this way, it is going to be simpler to structure the content of your essay. Therefore, if you begin with a terrible topic, not only will you wind up with a poor essay, but you risk ruining the fantastic impression that the remainder of your application makes. In the event you decide you must chat about one of the cliche essay topics mentioned previously, an excellent approach to tell a more prevalent story is to concentrate on one specific moment and build from that point. When you own a topic, it's best to make an outline of ideas. To accomplish this, brainstorm on topics that you're passionate about. Use the topics which aren't so banal. Share an essay on any subject of your pick. The Honest to Goodness Truth on Bad College Essay Samples Essays which don't demonstrate these qualities are usually experiencing tone-deafness. There are different things in life, like dirty floors, and relationships which don't always do the job, and meals that must be made. Due to greed, you might not be getting sufficient sleep as you get obsessed with how you are able to take advantage of different individuals. A whole lot of students make the error of attempting to second-guess what the admissions folks wish to hear in an essay, and write about something which isn't actually central to their interests and passions. What You Need to Do About Bad College Essay Samples Developing a terrific college essay are able to lose its purpose in the event the content of what you've written is not what the university is asking for. Some terrible topics show admissions officers which you don't have a very good awareness of judgment or maturity, which is a problem as they are building a category of college students who have in order to deal with independent life on campus. The essay is easily among the most troublesome areas of the college application procedure. In many instances, you will have to compose an essay for your college application. The Hidden Gem of Bad College Essay Samples Now things started to get really intriguing. To the contrary, the way you shouldn't do something is frequently more inspiring in terms of earning people wish to improve and develop. Neither is a great thing, since they're searching for folks that are open to receiving new information from professors and not only deciding they know everything already. Most people have a difficult time checking over their very own work. The Advantages of Bad College Essay Samples This handout can help you discover what your college instructors expect when they supply you with a writing assignment. Upcoming college students might also be requested to compose a college essay for a component of their first requirements. College essays can play an essential part in college admissions. Just because you've already written a college essay for a single university doesn't mean that it may also apply on your next applications. You may want to have an expert expert look over your essay so that they can revise your essay to perfection. Learn more about the way the essay is scored. It gives you an opportunity to show how effectively you can read and comprehend a passage and write an essay analyzing the passage. Also, when you have an essay that you're pleased with and would love to share with others, don't hesitate to speak to us with it and well publish it with your attribution. Possessing good essay examples provides the reader an in-depth and on-the-court idea about what a well structured and coherent essay appears like. This section will examine two essays from the examples which were collected above so we are able to pull them apart and inquire into the criteria that result in an excellent college application essay. The Birth of Bad College Essay Samples It's very valuable to take writing apart as a way to see just the way that it accomplishes its objectives. If quality work is all you want, you should think about giving us an opportunity to obey you and supply you with college essay help that will provide you with value for each penny you pay. Stephen connects his previous experience to his existing maturity through self-knowledge. Perhaps you are reluctant to find help because you were once conned by means of a scam on-line help. The Argument About Bad College Essay Samples In spite of exceptional grades, a poorly written essay gives you a poo r name. Check to guarantee you haven't made any of the usual mistakes on this list. The better part of the essay utilizes standard English and English grammar. You've got an amazing future ahead of you, kid even should you need just a little work by means of your punctuation and grammar.

Appendix H Topic Sentence Outline Free Essays

Associate Level Material Appendix H Topic Sentence and Informal Outline Worksheet Using the Center for Writing Excellence and My Foundations Lab resources, provide the topic sentence and informal outline for your Personal Ethics Statement. †¢ Topic sentence: Many people believe that having good personal ethics is not as important as it used to be. However, ethics are what make a person who they are and how they live their daily lives. We will write a custom essay sample on Appendix H Topic Sentence Outline or any similar topic only for you Order Now A person’s personal ethics are the ideas that they believe are the most important to them, such as honesty, integrity, and morals. Informal outline: Personal ethics are a person’s beliefs about their morals and knowing right from wrong. Having good personal ethics is important when it comes to family, every day society, work and school. Most people who have good personal ethics are likely to be honest in their personal lives and chances are they will also be honest in their professional life as well. Teaching personal ethics within your family is a very important part of many cultures and different family units. In many cases this is where adults have learned their ethics from such things as honesty, integrity, and morals. Ethics in a way can also become traditions and a way of life. Ethics in the workplace and school are important because it creates a safe and secure environment for everyone around. While at school and work there are certain rules that are in place to make sure that everyone feels comfortable. A person having good personal ethics holds him or herself accountable in a moral sense and can determine how their values affect their social environment. How to cite Appendix H Topic Sentence Outline, Essay examples

Single parent adoption Essay Example Essay Example

Single parent adoption Essay Example Paper Single parent adoption Essay Introduction Single parent adoption is a great choice. To be loved in the world should have no argument in whatever case it is. Single parent adoption has just as much love as any other lonely foster child for a two parents. Adoption has had a huge effect on the world as it is today. Many types of adoptions have become existent over generations. Single parent has many people fighting for or against. Love should be no fight. â€Å"Single Parent Adoptions: Why Not?. † 12 Oct. 2001. http://library. adoption. com/articles/single-parent-adoptions-why-not. html For parentless children, adoption provides the nurturing, love, and security that all children deserve. More than just providing a loving and safe environment like fostering children, adoption is a lifetime commitment to the health and welfare of another life in their hands. To best secure families that will provide the best environment for a child, adoption agencies have set up a set of qualifications for adoptive parents. Concerns over single parent adoptions should be laid to rest by the many benefits singles have to offer children in need of a home. Single parents adopt for many of the same reasons as married couples. Single parent adoption Essay Body Paragraphs Single parents have the urge to nurture and raise a child. They seek to have a family unit and share their life with another, just as married couples do. A single parent can provide a loving and nurturing home for a child. Adoptive singles use family and friends for extended support. Give the child their sole attention and all of their love. Financially, they have planned for the future and the majority of single adoptive parents are settled in their careers. With a large percentage of the population’s children living in a broken home, single parents can provide the emotional, financial and physical support without the damage of divorce. If a single parent has met all other qualifications other than marriage, then there is not a valid reason to deny adoption and many reasons to approve. â€Å"Single Parent Adoption. † Can I Still Adopt?. 19 Aug. 2009. 7 Dec. 2009. http://www. parentinghelpcentral. com/single-parent-adoption/single-parent-adoption-can-i-still-adopt/ Ther e are many main reasons why singles choose single parent adoption and they are strongly beneficial to the adoption. Marriage may not be a goal of theirs and they do not ever plan on doing it. These singles might want to get married in their future;however they are not with someone at the moment. Having to be married may be a great risk to themselves and may think it could danger there selves. They may be out of an unhealthy relationship and want to start over with a loving and friendly relationship with a child. Be a parent is more important to them then marriage itself. I know that single parent adoption is a topic in many debates specifically between religious groups. Single parent adopters need to know the cons that go with the pros when considering adoption. Although single parent adoption isn’t considered right amongst Christians, children are much better off in homes with single parents than a bad housing project. Remember as a single parent you need to get outside help since you are the sole earner of the house. Piasecki, Marlene, â€Å"Who Adopts Special Needs Children,† National Adoption Center 1987 http://www. childbirthsolutions. com/articles/preconception/adoption/singleadopting. php (15 December 2009) In 1970, if you had gone to an adoption agency as a single person and applied for a child, you would have, unfortunately, been turned down-it just wasn’t done. In fact, in some States, there were laws against single parent adoption. Now, thousands of children in the United States and other countries are living with single men and women who have chosen to become parents and who have been given the opportunity to provide a loving permanent home for a child. In the last 20 years there has been a steady, sizable increase in the number of single parent adoptions-some people feel that it is the fastest growing trend in the adoption field. Approximately 25 percent of the adoptions of children with special needs are by single men and wom en, and it is estimated that about 5 percent of all other adoptions are by single people. The outlook for single parent adoption is encouraging s it becomes more widely accepted. Access Innovations â€Å"Single parenting† 1999 http://life. familyeducation. com/adoption/nontraditional-families/45788. html (15 December 2009) The desire to nurture and to share life as a family is a strong universal need that is felt by a large number of people and one that is not exclusive to married people or couples. Often a single person finds life incomplete, as one single woman expressed, â€Å"I had a stable job and could give a child many benefits. And I had love that needed to be given and a need to be needed. I wanted some purpose to my life other than my work and my cat. Because many women have pursued careers and put off marriage and having children until they are older, they find that they have reached their thirties, without a husband, but with a compelling desire for a child. Adop tion becomes a viable option for single women who feel that having a child out-of-wedlock is unacceptable or who find that they are infertile. Some men and women feel that they can provide a better life for the children living in institutions or foster care or in countries that cannot provide them with the basic necessities. Loneliness may be another thing in deciding to become a single adoptive parent. Single adoptive parents have proven to be very successful in becoming to allow their own acceptance. The latest research indicates that children raised in single adoptive parent families compare favorably with other adopted children and show a healthy involvement with friends and family as well as in the activities of their age group. http://web. ebscohost. com/src/detail 2009. EBSCO Industries, Inc. (15 December 2009) With the high divorce rate in this country, single parent adoption provides a much more solid environment: a home free from the issues of an unstable, broken home and its effects on the child. Single parents are usually of higher education and have higher incomes in comparison to the country’s average. They have concentrated on their careers and have established a stable home that would benefit a child. Divorced parents are dealing with emotional and financial stress, which can negatively affect a child. A New York Times article reports that out of one-fifth of the nation’s 51. 1 million Caucasian children, over half of the We will write a custom essay sample on Single parent adoption Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Single parent adoption Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Single parent adoption Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Functions And Classification Of Operating Systems Essay Example

Functions And Classification Of Operating Systems Essay Example Functions And Classification Of Operating Systems Essay Functions And Classification Of Operating Systems Essay The OS is the system package that controls the overall operation of the computing machine system. It manages the affiliated hardware, provides a platform to run application plans and an interface for users to interact with the computing machine system. It is responsible for recognizing and organizing memory devices, I/O devices and treating devices. Figure 10.1 displays the function of OS in the computing machine system. An OS provides two types of interfaces: Graphical User Interface ( GUI ) and Command Line Interface ( CLI ) . An OS responds and provides services to the users. Figure 10.1: Functions of OS in the Computer System 10.1.1 Functions of OS : An OS is the indispensable package in the computing machine system. It performs several undertakings to maintain the application package, hardware devices and users of the computing machine system coordination. The OS performs the undermentioned maps: Information Management Information direction refers to the set of services used for recovering, hive awaying, modifying and canceling informations from devices. It has two subsystems, file direction and I/O direction. Process Management Procedure direction is responsible for administering CPU clip between procedures. It besides involves pull offing memory and I/O resources across the procedure in the computing machine system. Memory Management Memory direction controls memory use. At any given case, memory direction keeps path available infinite to hive away the information. Application Programing Interface ( API ) The API assigns entree to application package on all connected hardware devices. User Interface User Interface provides interaction between the computing machine system and users. 10.2 Development of OS Operating systems evolved in seven stages. The six stages viz. unfastened store, batch processing, concurrent execution, timesharing, personal computer science and distributed systems, changed the manner users accessed the OS. Concurrent programming brings multiple innovations to do resource direction effectual. Table 10.2 shows stages and proficient development of an OS. An development of OS started from 1954, when Computer system had non OS, users use to run computing machine system manually. Phases of OS development of are as follows: Open Shop Open Shop introduced IBM 701 that was implemented the on celebrated IBM 701 machine. First user has to do apparatus as per the demand for each computer science. However, in this stage clip and money wasted in puting up machine manual. Users got fixed clip for calculating, although most of the clip was spent puting up the machine manually. Batch Processing Wastage of clip and money in the unfastened store stage was a consequence of user engagement. In this stage, it was clear that normal users were to be kept off from the calculating procedure. This stage besides revealed that the OS was capable of scheduling. Normal users put their occupations on a clout card merely to be processed by computing machine professionals subsequently. The BKS system was the released in this stage. Multiprogramming The aim of concurrent execution was to maintain the CPU every bit busy as possible to use its processing capacity wholly. At the initial phase of multiprogramming stage, the thought was to maintain following plan ready in the memory from where the CPU could take it up instantly. However, in the same stage, hardware interrupts were introduced. Hardware interrupts facilitated shift of procedures. The construct of hardware interrupts made multiprogramming more successful. It besides permitted I/O devices and treating devices to work at the same time. This procedure was called coincident peripheral operation on-line. The constructs of job-scheduling, demand paging, practical memory were introduced in the same stage. Atlas supervisor, B5000 system, Exec II system and Egdon systems were introduced in the concurrent execution stage. Time Sharing Time-sharing allowed processors to go to to petitions from other users while one user was busy executing some I/O map. This manner the CPU could go to to multiple procedures every bit good as users in lesser clip spans. CTSS, Multics File system, Titan File system and UNIX were introduced in this stage. Concurrent The concurrent stage introduced the characteristic of running multiple undertakings at a clip called as multitasking. THE system, RC 4000 system, Venus system, Boss 2 system, Solo system, and Solo Program Text, were the concurrent OS introduced back so. Personal Computing In the personal computer science stage of development, user convenience was on the precedence than recourse direction. The GUI based OS and mouse based interactivity were introduced in this stage merely. OS, Alto system, Pilot system and star user interface were introduced in this stage. Distributed Systems This stage includes computer-networking constituents that enable message go throughing within computing machines and distant process call. WFS File waiters, Unix United RPC, Unix United system and Amoeba systems were launched in this stage. Phase Technical Development Operating System Phase 1: Open Shop An thought of operating systems 1. IBM 701 unfastened store ( 1954 ) Phase 2: Batch Processing Tape batching First-In First-Out and scheduling 2. BKS system ( 1961 ) Phase 3: Multiprogramming Processor multiplexing, Indivisible operations, Demand paging, Input/output spooling, Priority programming and Distant occupation entry 3. Atlas supervisor ( 1961 ) 4. B5000 system ( 1964 ) 5. Exec II system ( 1966 ) 6. Eldon system ( 1966 ) Phase 4: Timesharing Coincident user, interaction and On-line file systems 7. CTSS ( 1962 ) 8. Multics File system ( 1965 ) 9. Titan File system ( 1972 ) 10. Unix ( 1974 ) Phase 5: Concurrent Programing Hierarchical systems, Extensile meats, Parallel programming constructs and Secure analogue linguistic communications 11. THE system ( 1968 ) 12. RC 4000 system ( 1969 ) 13. Venus system ( 1972 ) 14. Boss 2 system ( 1975 ) 15. Solo system ( 1976 ) 16. Solo plan text ( 1976 ) Phase 6: Personal Computer science Graphic user interfaces 17. OS 6 ( 1972 ) 18. Alto system ( 1979 ) 19. Pilot system ( 1980 ) 20. Star user interface ( 1982 ) Phase 7: Distributed Systems Distant waiters 21. WFS File waiter ( 1979 ) 22. Unix United RPC ( 1982 ) 23. Unix United system ( 1982 ) 24. Amoeba system ( 1990 ) Table 10.1: Development of OS 10.3 OS Kernel and shell Every OS consists of a meat and shell. The shell is the user interface, either a CLI or a GUI. This allows the user to login and utilize the computing machine system. The meat is the nucleus of an OS. The OS meat is more complex and is hard to work with straight, therefore the meat is wrapped in a shell A meat consists of the followers: File Manager- A file director provides interface for user to work with file. It performs actions on files such as create, edit, rename, unfastened, edit and so on.. In add-on, it maintains size and permissions about files that are available on the system. Device Driver . Device driver is a plans that controls a specific hardware devices. Each device has alone driver that converts user petition for device to specific cryptography. Memory Manager The memory director responsible for optimal use of the system memory. It allocates and de-allocates memory for hive awaying informations and plans. Scheduler- The scheduler maintains records of present procedures put to deathing by the OS and adds new procedures to the OS. Dispatcher The starter manages procedures. It divides clip into little part such as 50 second, when the clip part is over ; dispatcher allows following procedure to run. 10.4 Categorization of OS Oss have been classified based on parametric quantities such as figure of users that at the same time used the computing machine system, the figure of procedure that OS performs at a clip, and the figure of togss that OS can manage at a clip. The categorization is as follows: Single-User A single-user operating system allows merely one user to login the computing machine system. Single-user OS are intended for place users merely. Multi-user Thie multi-user OS allows multiple users to login and use the computing machine system. In this instance, the OS allocates different resources for each user so that any a job with one user does non impact other users. Single-task The single-task OS permits merely one procedure to run at a clip. Multi-tasking The multi-tasking OS permits multiple plans to put to death at the same clip. Users can run more than one undertaking at a clip. However, as multiple procedures runs at the same clip, this type of OS requires more memory. Multi-tasking OS semen in two theoretical accounts. They are: Time-sharing operating system -Time-sharing OSs usage algorithms to portion CPU clip between multiple procedures. This method creates an semblance that the CPU is put to deathing multiple procedures at the same time. Real-time operating system The real-time operating system is used to command industrial systems and scientific instruments. This type of OS manages computing machine system resources in a manner that specific operation should put to death in precise clip, every time.. 10.5 Operational overview On the boot, an OS makes certain that the system has the required hardware and package. When a user petitions for a resource such as IO or any application plan, the OS cheques permission and so decides whether to allow that petition or deny it. In a multi-user system, the OS agendas resources in a manner that ensures their handiness on petition. The OS records mistakes happening in the procedure. The OS should enter the mistake. The OS supports networking operations excessively. Devicess involved in OS operation are as follows: CPU A computing machine system supports several maps that should run at the same time. It might possible that multiple users are running their plans at the same case. The OS ensures that each user gets sufficient CPU clip to put to death the undertaking. Memory The OS helps users topographic point and recover informations from the primary memory. The OS besides takes attention of user informations that is stored in the secondary memory. Data in the secondary memory is brought to the primary memory on user petition. I/O devices The OS facilitates communicating with all I/O devices. It uses interrupt signals for the same. 10.6 Servicess Offered by OS The major aims of an OS are to do calculating convenient, run application plans and pull off the assorted resources. To accomplish these aims OS provide several services, they are as follows: Program Execution The OS provides users with a convenient environment to put to death plans. The user merely needs to originate plan executing while the OS takes attention of memory allotment for successful executing of the plan. I/O Operations Every procedure involves I/O operations ; nevertheless, internal I/O operations are non seeable to users. OS control all I/O operations. User may alter the default flow I/O operation, therefore for security grounds user are non involved in the I/O operation. File System Manipulation File system use, enables users to make or pull strings files in the OS environment without cognizing physical features of the device. Communicationss At times procedures need to pass on with each other to interchange information. This communicating could be between procedures put to deathing on the same computing machine or processes put to deathing on different computing machine systems. A communicating service enables computing machine system to interchange the procedure with other computing machine systems. Error Detection An mistake in the computing machine system leads to misfunctioning. The OS proctors computing machine systems for mistakes. 10.7 Chapter Review Questions GUI stands for ________________ . ( A ) Graphical User Interface ( C ) Graphical User Interaction ( B ) Group and User Interaction ( D ) None of the above Autonomic nervous system: A Which map of the OS is responsible for pull offing user s informations in the computing machine system? ( A ) Memory Management ( C ) Information Management ( B ) Process Management ( D ) Application Management Ands: Degree centigrade A __________ map allows users to interact with computing machine system. ( A ) Memory Management ( C ) Application Management ( B ) User Interaction ( D ) Information Management Autonomic nervous system: Bacillus A  ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­__________phase of the OS development invents hardware interrupts. ( A ) Timesharing ( C ) Multi Programing ( B ) Concurrent Programing ( D ) None of the above Autonomic nervous system: Degree centigrade Which of the followers is an operating system s nucleus bed? ( A ) Kernels ( C ) Shell ( B ) Device Drivers ( D ) None of these Autonomic nervous system: A Which constituent of the meat maintains records of current procedures, adds new procedures, and removes complex procedures. ( A ) Device Drivers ( C ) Starter ( B ) Scheduler ( D ) None of these Autonomic nervous system: Bacillus Which of the following are theoretical accounts of multitasking OS? ( A ) Timesharing OS ( C ) Real-time OS ( B ) Thread sharing OS ( D ) Real-process OS Autonomic nervous system: A and C 8. CLI stands for ________________________ . ( A ) Command Line Interaction ( C ) Common Line Interface ( B ) Command Line Interface ( D ) Common Line Interaction Autonomic nervous system: Bacillus 9. Which service of an OS allows users to pass on with other computing machines? ( A ) Communicationss ( C ) Program Execution ( B ) Mistake Detection ( D ) I/O Operationss Autonomic nervous system: A 10. A __________component of OS kernel is responsible for pass oning with devices. ( A ) File Manager ( C ) Device Drivers ( B ) Device director ( D ) None of these Autonomic nervous system: Degree centigrade 10.7.1 Answers 1. Angstrom 2. C 3. Bacillus 4. C 5. Angstrom 6. Bacillus 7. A and C 8. Bacillus 9. Angstrom 10. C Drumhead In the chapter, Introduction to Operating System, you learnt about: OS and undertakings performed by the OS Development and categorization of OSs Different maps of the OS Servicess offered by the OS

Interesting Facts About Arsenic

Interesting Facts About Arsenic Arsenic is best known as a poison and a pigment, but it has many other interesting properties. Here are 10 arsenic element facts: Arsenics symbol is As and its atomic number is 33. It is an example of a metalloid or semimetal, with properties of both metals and nonmetals. It is found in nature as a single stable isotope, arsenic-75. At least 33 radioisotopes have been synthesized. Its most common oxidation states are -3 or 3 in compounds. Arsenic also readily forms bonds with its own atoms.Arsenic occurs naturally in pure crystalline form and also in several minerals, usually with sulfur or metals. In its pure form, the element has three common allotropes: gray, yellow, and black. Yellow arsenic is a waxy solid that converts into gray arsenic after exposure to light at room temperature. Brittle gray arsenic is the most stable form of the element.The element name comes from the ancient  Persian word  Zarnikh, which means yellow orpiment. Orpiment is arsenic trisulfide, a mineral that resembles gold. The Greek word  arsenikos means potent.Arsenic was known to ancient man and important in alchemy. The pure e lement was officially isolated in 1250 by the German Catholic Dominican friar Albertus Magnus (1200–1280). Early on, arsenic compounds were used in bronze to increase its hardness, as colorful pigments, and in medicines. When arsenic is heated, it oxidizes and releases an odor similar to that of garlic. Striking various arsenic-containing minerals with a hammer might also release the characteristic odor.At ordinary pressure, arsenic, like carbon dioxide, does not melt but sublimes directly into vapor. Liquid arsenic only forms under high pressure.Arsenic has long been used as a poison, but its readily detected. Past exposure to arsenic may be assessed by examining hair. Urine or blood tests can assay recent exposure. The pure element and all its compounds are toxic. Arsenic damages multiple organs, including the skin, gastrointestinal tract, immune system, reproductive system, nervous system, and the excretory system. Inorganic arsenic compounds are considered more toxic than organic arsenic. While high doses can cause a quick death, low-dose exposure is also dangerous because arsenic can cause genetic damage and cancer. Arsenic causes epigenetic changes, which are heritable changes that occur withou t alteration of DNA. Although the element is toxic, arsenic is widely used. It is a semiconductor doping agent. It adds a blue color to pyrotechnic displays. The element is added to improve sphericity of lead shot. Arsenic compounds are still found in certain poisons, such as insecticides. The compounds are often used to treat wood to prevent degradation by termites, fungi, and mold. Arsenic is used to produce linoleum, infrared-transmitting glass, and as a depilatory (chemical hair remover). Arsenic is added to several alloys to improve their properties.Despite the toxicity, arsenic has several therapeutic uses. The element is an essential trace mineral for proper nutrition in chickens, goats, rodents, and possibly humans. It may be added to livestock food to help the animals put on weight. It has been used as a syphilis treatment, cancer treatment, and skin bleaching agent. Some species of bacteria can perform a version of photosynthesis that uses arsenic rather than oxygen to obtain energy.The element abundance of arsenic in the Earths crust is 1.8 parts per million by weight.  Approximately a third of the arsenic found in the atmosphere comes from natural sources, such as volcanoes, but most of the element comes from human activities, such as smelting, mining (especially copper mining), and release from coal-burning power plants. Deep water wells are commonly contaminated with arsenic.

Unfair terms in contracts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unfair terms in contracts - Essay Example For example, if the supplier has the rights to alter the terms of the contract, it is considered to be unfair terms. Often, the obligation on the part of the supplier is very less or negligible as stated by the contract reflecting unfair terms again. Also, if terms of a contract put excess trouble to the consumers, then such contracts are said to contain unfair terms. Such terms tend to affect the faith of the customers2. In cases of mobile phones, credit cards, or tickets for airline or concerts, customers often rely on the suppliers too much to understand the unfair terms involved in the contracts that they enter into with the suppliers. For example, credit card companies often change their rules and policies if they are in need for the return of the money from the customer. Fine print in relation to a contract refers to the minute details of the contract rules that are presented in small print and might not be visible always. It might even possess the right of the suppliers to alter the terms of the contract. In case such a print is completely hidden, then it might not be considered as part of the contract at all and hence the supplier cannot take advantage of that3. Thus it can be understood in this context that if such fine prints are not hidden, then it becomes the responsibility of the customers to read the details without which several terms of the contract might remain unknown to the customers. From the study, thus, it can be concluded that the unfair terms are those terms in the contracts where the supplier has more advantages than the consumers. Moreover fine prints if hidden might not be considered as part of the agreement, but in other cases, they prove to be the customers’ duty to read them to avoid lack of knowledge of the unknown terms in cases of mobile phones, credit cards, airline tickets or concert

KLM airlanes Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

KLM airlanes - Research Paper Example is facility (Meet & Seat) allows travelers to choose who should be seated next to them by forwarding a request through company’s the newly implemented reservation system†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. KLM airlines hugely depends upon online social media networks to market its services worldwide†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. The company offers numerous free benefits like free airport transfers to its members†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. KLM Royal Dutch Airlines or simply KLM airlines is the flag carrier airline of Netherlands. Although KLM was founded by Albert Plesman on 7th October 1919, the company originally commenced its operations on 17th May 1920 by operating its first flight from London to Amsterdam (‘History’ KLM, para.1). The company is headquartered at Amstelveen. The KLM airlines carry out scheduled passenger and cargo services worldwide to over 90 destinations. The organization possessed workforce strength of 31,787 people as of 31st March 2010. KLM airlines is the world’s oldest airline still using its original name. As specified in Plunkett’s almanac, KLM Cityhopper, Martinair, and Transavia.com are the major subsidiaries of KLM airlines. This paper will discuss the recent marketing activities at KLM airlines in detail. While analyzing the recent marketing activities at KLM airlines, it is clear that the company increasingly focuses on social media marketing, because the management believes that social media marketing is the most cost effective way to promote company services worldwide. In order to take advantages of online social media marketing, recently the company has created three marketing campaigns namely KLM Surprise, Tile & Inspire, and Live Reply. Under the KLM Surprise campaign, the firm tries to reach out to its passengers with intent to reward them for remaining with the company. For this purpose, the company extensively used social media monitoring to identify individuals who mentioned KLM in their check-in. The company located those persons and presented them small

Developing Country Like India Children And Young People Essay

Developing Country Like India Children And Young People Essay In a large developing country like India, Non Governmental Organizations act as alternative or complementary service providers and try to bridge the numerous gaps in the developmental processes between reach and requirement of services. These alternative service providers play an important role by helping governments through advocating, partnering and complementing the works of the state in order to ensure that all those who are excluded, enjoy their right of equality in society. Governments are legally, morally and socially responsible that the entire population enjoys their human rights including the right to education and health. These responsibilities are reinforced by most national constitutions and laws and various international conventions like WHO, UNESCO, UNICEF etc., which are ratified by states and are binding to all future administrators. Yet after so many efforts and promises to implement the laws and constitutions the weaker section of the society, not only in India but in all parts of the world, is still denied the human rights of quality education, health and equality. Healthy and erudite people are the core of any development. Lack of access to the education, securely acquired knowledge, skills and good health is a means for its diminution. Sustainable development is possible only through the access to meaningful learning which in turn is crucial for improved productivity, lessened poverty, improved and preventive health care, empowered women and enhanced equality. NGOs, as development partners, have the main harmonizing role to play in countries where governments have failed or are unable to fulfill their customary role. In the health and education sectors, there are many success stories that not only created the required physical infrastructure but also developed the academic and caring environment for those who are still left out. NGOs as carriers of inclusive growth Government of India is focusing on the financial inclusion of the society at large. But still there is a greater need for the inclusive society so as the underserved must not feel left out. Here NGOs can play a better role for the integration of this weaker section with the society where governments efforts are not able to fulfill the gaps and the aspirations. Access to basic education and health care facilities are basically considered as the prime responsibilities of governments. Governments try to be in line with the internationally agreed goals of Education for All which state that primary education should be free and compulsory. The main objective behind these targets was on augmenting access of children to basic formal education provided by governments. Role of governments as a facilitator of basic education is pertinent as a literate society can take an advantage in building nations identity and can also amass benefits of social and economic development. Not only the society at large but individuals can also be benefited in terms of lifestyle, lifecycle and across generations. In developing countries like India, the imperative for educated people is even greater, as it is not only about exercising the right to be learned and a duty to contribution towards the nation for its development, but it is also important for ensuring securit y. Health care and education are the primary service sectors given these are the largest, the most prevalent and perceptible institutions in the country, visible even in the secluded regions. Due to their cultural, social and economic dimensions of health and education sectors, these are the most complex institutions to administer and manage. Thus, irrespective of all the efforts and money put in for the fulfillment of constitutional pledge of Education for All and Healthy Citizens, India is still struggling with the serious issues of poor quality, lack of motivation, disorganization and inadequate access in the schooling and health system. Moreover, where the governments provision to realize the objectives of universal primary education and healthy citizens has been inadequate to fulfill demand, the sustainable and long-term partnership of government and NGOs can bridge this gap. NGOs as stakeholders in the governance act as driving force behind greater cooperation through the active m obilization of public support for a particular cause. With transformed focus on expanding the facilities of quality health care and education and to be in sync with the goals of international agencies, greater attention is being paid on role of non government stakeholders that they are playing and could play in supporting benefactors and government in achieving targets, while government being the main provider. This attracts consideration of the changing role of the government needs to play in supporting the demands of improved health care facilities and quality primary education in cases where it is not the direct provider. The governments role differs according to the type of the NGO and the extent to which they compliment the public delivery of the services. NGOs advocate their role towards the achievement of goals of inclusive growth either by putting pressure on the government agencies or by involving directly as care takers. The underserved may take many forms including those hard to reach in terms of gender, street children, orphans, disbanded children in post conflict areas, children with disabilities, refugees, child labourers etc. These underserved are not able to avail their basic necessities of education and health and hence cannot be a part of inclusive growth because of poverty, and or because of socio cultural and other demand related reasons. Inadequate supply of resources in isolated and rural areas can further aggravate these constrictions. NGOs and Orphans need for Education and Health As per a study conducted by SOS Childrens village based on third National Health Survey, there are about 20 million children (about 4% of the total population) are orphan. According to this, 0.3% children were orphaned because of death of their parents and rest 99.7% have been abandoned. The main reasons for such high figures are ascribed to poverty as the main contributor while social unrest and terrorism in some states, as revealed by this survey of SOS Childrens village. Poverty, disability, disagreements, and lack of awareness are noteworthy constrictions to many children getting into schools. Economic hardships and societys lack of interest and protection mean that orphans may lose the opportunity to the avail the facilities provided by the public health system as well. Children who have been orphaned by the death of parents or the single surviving parent is not able to take care, are commonly discarded by society, denied affection and care and left with few resources to live on. For social and economic reasons these children often drop out from schools. Sometimes these children are undernourished and suffer from ill health and are at a risk of mistreatment and negligence. In many situations these children are pushed into illicit activities and sexual activities in case of girl child. India is leaving no stones unturned with the objective to bring orphan into the mainstream. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Ministry, Health Ministry and Education Ministry of Indian government have implemented various welfare and health schemes for the underprivileged. Also there are more than 800 orphanages across India for the upliftment of this underserved section of society. The governments endeavor to improve the access of primary education and health care facilities for orphans is rooted in the importance of basic human rights for all children. This effort of governments can ensure a status of equality and social security among all sections of society. The benefits of social incorporation, psychological development, secure and structured environment etc. can be leveraged by conferring knowledge and life skills. Vishwa Nirmal Prem Ashram The NGO According to the official statistics, the orphans in India are 4% (nearly 20 million) of the total population, which is significant figure and should be looked into very seriously. Legislation to combat the child health and education in India is both disproportionate and inadequately enforced. Despite existing legislation, these are the children who constitute the never been to school category, posing a serious challenge to the uiversalisation of primary education and to the goals of WHO. Irrespective of allocation of considerable funds for the education and health to all, government strategies to combat the problem have not been very effective. The Vishwa Nirmal Prem Ashram is a Non Government Charitable Organisation in Greater NOIDA, U.P., has developed a model that uses health care and education as a means of tackling the problems of orphan, with the main focus on girl child and destitute women without any differentiation of caste, religion, region, race or colour. The ashram is a project of H. H. Shri Mataji Devi Foundation. The organization is registered under the Trust Registration Act and Foreign Contribution Regulation Act (FCRA). The organization is funded by the members of the Sahaj Yoga Organization and there are some international donors as well. Seminars and workshops are conducted as fund raising activities. NGO does not get any financial assistance from the government agencies. Mrs. Giesla Matzer, the Executive Director told that the ashram is controlled but not sponsored by the state government. The Ashram is managed and run by the chairman Sir C. P. Srivastava and the trustees. The day to day activities are administered by Austrian Citizen Mrs. Gisela Matzer, the Executive Director. She is very affectionately being called Oma by the residents and is like grandmother who always showers them with her motherly love. Mrs. Darshi Gursharan, the beloved granny, has many years of experience as a school principal. The NGO has two branches namely the Vishwa Nirmal Prem Ashram and Sahaja Yoga Health and Research Centre. The Ashram spreads over 10,120 square meters. The building is swarming with lush green gardens and ponds, thus one is always in natures lap. The garden has many trees, bushes and flowers. Thus one feels completely in tune with Mother Nature throughout the year. Building of ashram encompasses four well furnished big halls, well equipped kitchen, dining hall, doctors room, two guests rooms, computer room, a small beauty parlour, and library. A woman, being the mother, is the creator and preserver of all humankind. However, i n our society the number of needy, abandoned women and girls is extremely large and this is the most helpless section of the society. The main thrust of Vishwa Nirmal Prem Ashram has been to work for this miserable section of society by providing them shelter, making them capable to acquire skill sets through vocational training for sustained life and thus helping them to integrate into society. Starting its work in 2003 in Greater NOIDA city of Uttar Pradesh, Vishwa Nirmal Prem Ashram is founded with the vision have pure motherly love for every human, every animal, and the whole earth. Develop inner balance and peace; be collective, tolerant and respectful to everyone. This NGO has provided shelter to 54 girls who have been unfortunate to lose their parents at a very young age. Girls with single parent are also provided shelter under extraordinary circumstances when that single parent is not capable of providing a good environment because of unfortunate such as being physically challenged or illness. The age group of children varies from the very young to adolescents. The second branch Sahaja Yoga Health and Research Centre was started in the year 2011 with the notion to provide free health care facilities to the residents of ashram and outdoor patients. The Health Centre is situated in picturesque, green surroundings and is a unique Health Centre of its kind in the world. At the Health Centre treatment for diseases is done by vibratory awareness, developed through Sahaja Yoga meditation. Since its inception, the health centre is has witnessed an increasing number of patients and has attracted many overseas visitors and many Indians. Cases of Hypertension, Bronchial Asthma, Diabetes, Migraine, Epilepsy, Depression and Cancer have been cured at the Health Centre. Access to education for the hard-to-reach children The Formal Education System Government initiatives to reform the educational service sector by concentrating on pedagogy and teaching and training processes as a means of increasing quality of education have not been adequate to bring about an effective and transformation in the quality of education. The idea of the NGO was conceived by Mata Nirmala Devi, which is developing strategies for educational inclusion of orphans and offering help to destitute women. The Vishwa Nirmal Prem Ashram started with the notion to put children in formal schooling system. The VNPA has developed and introduced systematic and innovative pedagogic approaches like multi level teaching, child centered teaching, development of cognitive and non cognitive skills among children and integrated learning. The girls of ashram are sent to attend nearby English medium schools. In campus computer coaching is provided to the residents. The main reason behind the formal schooling is that the girls would be associated with positive images of a more professionally developed, and regulated system. This would help girls to find jobs in formal sector and would have a sustained and secure future. As per the information provided by Mrs. Gisela Matzer (Oma), the managing director, two of the girls of ashram are pursuing their career in hotel management. Girls are assisted in their homework by professional teachers and they have special tuition classes for students as well. Depending upon the interests and talents they are trained in various art forms and skill sets from young age. Financial assistance and other helps are provided to the grown-up girls for their higher studies. These are provided with requisite support to find suitable jobs and many are also helped in matrimony based upon their will. In matrimonial cases, the Sahaj Yogis are preferred and there is a system of proper checking of backgrounds in such situations. In few cases persons outside their community are allowed to marry women or girls of ashram. Vocational Training The Non formal Education System Only reading and writing skills are not sufficient for children, they should be equipped with life skills as a mean for their sustained future. There must be provisions for development of cognitive and non cognitive skills. The curriculum and teaching methodologies should be pertinent and meaningful for the life situations of underprivileged. To meet out such expectations, innovation and quality improvement is demanded in the areas of education. NGO provision often intends to bring benefits in terms of the alternative forms of pedagogy and accountability it aims to offer is trough non formal education system. Non formal educational system may be defined as any systematic and organized educational activity, different from formal schooling system, used to provide selected types of learning and skills to particular subgroups of the population, adults as well as children. Non formal education includes trainings in the areas like farming and occupational skills, adult literacy program mes and various community programmes of instruction in health, family planning and the like. In this regard Vishwa Nirmal Prem Ashram along with formal schooling to its children is aimed at providing training in various non mainstream courses like music, painting, cooking, embroidery tailoring, fashion designing, beauty care, handicrafts, and Indian classical/folk dance. These training are carried out with the main focus on equipping the residents with employability skills and developing residents to be shareholders of the growing society. Also the non formal education is a shortcut and cost effective way of providing basic education. These non mainstream trainings also are the fund raising activities for the organization by selling art and craft items. Seminars, Excursions and other activities To make them feel as an integral part of the society, the residents of NGO are involved in various programs and festivals inside and outside the Ashram. All the festivals like Holi, Diwali, Christmas, and Raksha Bandhan are celebrated by the family members of Ashram. These girls are also appreciated by the community and the society members for their participation in various cultural activities. Sahaja Yoga seminars and programmes are attended by the residents across India. NGO Involvement in Health Research and Development In developing countries, NGOs have pivotal role in addressing health issues. These organizations are known for developing and implementing innovative and strategic programmes that address health issues. Being in the vicinity of local conditions, these NGOs have requisite data on health infrastructure and personnel and major obstacles to improvement. With these possessions, NGOs often are able to reach those segments of society that are either neglected by society or are not targeted as priority. These non government organizations try hard to meet the basic needs of unserved by ensuring access to health services, creating a clean and safe environment and promoting community participation. In ashram every new entrant has to undergo extensive medical checkup in order to ensure that she is not suffering from communicable diseases. Every resident has to make a health checkup on regular basis. For minor illness of residents in house medical facilities are there. In case of unremitting ailments the girls are resident ladies are taken to nearby hospitals in Greater Noida, NOIDA or Delhi. As per the information provided by the Executive Director, Mrs. Gisela Matzer, some hospitals provide free beds to the patients of NGO whereas other expenses like medicine etc. are to be borne by the ashram itself. Time to time dental camps and health checkup camps are organized with the help of medical agencies. Since the residents of the Ashram come from very depressed life situations, the inner strength and peace is essential. Yoga, meditation and other skills are taught to women and girls that help them trounce trauma and hence have inner balance and peace. These practices are based on the principles of Sahaj Yoga meditation to achieve the highest state of awareness. This gives them a feeling of being loved and respected and also gives them a feeling of social security. Because of her empathy and concern to alleviate human torments, Shri Mataji has created a Health and Research Centre in the premises of ashram to solve the most pressing problems of the society like health and also to help them become better individuals through the process of Sahaj Yoga. Conclusion While access to state schooling has grown in many countries in recent years, a hardcore of marginalised children continue to be excluded from this. The objectives to include these marginalized children into mainstream to some extent are realized by NGOs. The endeavors put in by The Vishwa Nirmala Prem Ashram to gain access to the primary education are worth appreciating. The influences engendered by the NGO can be summarized as follows: Teaching, guiding, counseling and nurturing children to make them responsible and productive citizens of India. For a sustained and secure future and to be a part of mainstream equipping these children with life skills by providing and assisting with education and training. Sponsorship for school fees and higher technical education as the case may be. Providing safe haven for those children and women who are homeless and children who are unfortunate not having parents. To provide healthcare facilities for orphan and destitute women with the help of in house doctors as well as multispecialty hospitals. By establishing projects and activities that generate income for the girls and women of the ashram. Helping adult girls in matrimony if these girls wish to. Assisting women and adult girls of the ashram in jobs and placement activities for subsistence. Assisting residents to cope up with the dilemma of life through meditation using principle of Sahaj Yoga and thus giving a positive and thoughtful approach towards life. In the light of these points, it may be concluded that unless NGOs make significant contribution in the promotion and implementation of scientific, innovative and culturally suitable approaches to improve the conditions of underprivileged in the fields of health care and education, their best efforts may not prove sufficient for ending various problems faced by this section of society. The role of NGOs in sensitizing underprivileged and make them demand their entitlements for basic rights is very significant. Table 1: Governing Body of NGO Name Designation Chairperson Sir C.P. Srivastava Secretary Prof. Kiran Walia Treasurer Mr. V.A.Deopujari Executive Director Mrs. Gisela Matzer Member Mrs. Sadhana Varma Member Mrs. Vineeta Shanker Member Mrs. Neeta Rai Member Mrs. Malini Khanna Member Mrs. Malti Prasad Member Ms Darshi Gurdarshan Table 2: The core activities of the NGO Surveyed Name of the Organisation Vishwa Nirmala Prem Ashram Location Greater NOIDA The Model   rehabilitation of destitute women and orphan children

Classroom Observation

Classroom Observation I. Setting a. Reading class b. 2 staff/approximately 17 students c. Smaller class than usual and one of a few classrooms that have an additional staff (paraprofessional) d. 4th grade (student functions on 2nd grade level for Reading) II. Type of Task a. Independent reading/worksheet Antecedent Student is presented with an independent reading task. Behavior Disruption Consequences Least to most hierarchy of student’s specific behavior plan. Antecedent in detail When presented with an independent reading assignment (following similar group work assignment) student will become frustrated because of the difficulty of the assignment causing the maladaptive behavior described Behavior in detail For this student disruptive behavior is defined as any occurrence of calling out, teasing others, name calling, kicking his desk, and/or screaming/yelling that interferes with his and his peers’ instructional time. Consequences in detail This student’s maladaptive behavior of disruption will result in consequences that range from the least to most hierarchy. This is specifically redirection to task, verbal reprimand of upcoming consequences, in class time out away from the majority of the students (at this time the student is still required to be working on the independent task), out of class time out (monitored by the paraprofessional), sent to the behavior specialist assigned to this student. This last step typically results in a phone call to the parent/guardian explaining the student’s maladaptive behavior. It also may result in the requirement of a meeting of the pertinent parties involved (teacher, paraprofessional, and behavior specialist. Dwayne Williams03/29/2010 AntecedentsBehaviorConsequenceFunction Student is presented with an independent reading task. Disruption Least to most hierarchy of student’s specific behavior plan. For Attention Peers Staff